Introduction
Pecan grafting is a popular technique used by horticulturists and gardeners to propagate pecan trees. In order to successfully graft pecan trees, it is crucial to collect high-quality pecan scion wood. In this article, we will discuss the process of collecting pecan scion wood and provide detailed information on the different sizes and qualities of scion wood. Whether you are a commercial grower or a home gardener, understanding the best practices for collecting and using pecan scion wood is essential for successful grafting.
Collecting Pecan Scion Wood
The most important factor in collecting pecan scion wood is ensuring good juvenile growth. Juvenile growth is achieved by regularly pruning trees and keeping them small. Pruning encourages the development of horizontal branches, which are ideal for collecting scion wood. These branches produce vigorous, first-year growth that is perfect for grafting.
To determine the optimal size of pecan scion wood, it is important to consider the diameter. The size of the scion wood depends on the grafting technique you intend to use. For whip and tongue grafting, a scion wood size of 5/16 to 9/16 of an inch is recommended. For whip grafting or four-flat grafting, scion wood pieces above 9/16 of an inch can be used. It is crucial to choose scion wood with adequate buds and carbohydrate reserves for successful grafting.
When collecting pecan scion wood, it is advisable to select younger growth for easier cutting and better healing potential. Older wood from less juvenile growth may be denser and harder to work with, resulting in a lower success rate. It is also important to know the cultivar of the trees you are collecting scion wood from, as different cultivars respond differently to grafting.
Establishing a Pecan Scion Wood Collection
To establish a pecan scion wood collection, it is recommended to have established trees of a known cultivar. These trees can be pruned back to encourage more juvenile growth and provide a reliable source of scion wood. If you have a larger tree that you want to propagate, you can prune back a few branches to promote juvenile growth in that specific area.
For commercial-scale pecan scion wood production, it is ideal to have a dedicated nursery with multiple trees of the desired cultivar. This ensures a steady supply of high-quality scion wood. However, if you are a home gardener or only graft a few trees each year, having one well-maintained tree can be sufficient for collecting scion wood.
Considerations for Successful Grafting
To compensate for the lower success rate of grafting with older or less juvenile scion wood, it is crucial to use vigorous and high-quality rootstock. The rootstock acts as a support system for the graft and can help improve the overall success rate. By combining vigorous scion wood with robust rootstock, you can increase the chances of obtaining successful grafts.
Identifying Last Year’s Growth
Differentiating between last year’s growth and previous seasons’ growth is essential when collecting scion wood. One of the main indicators of last year’s growth is the presence of lichen on the branches or trunk. Lichen indicates slower growth, as the tree has not shed the lichen due to lack of rapid growth. This information can help you identify younger, more suitable scion wood for grafting.
Another indicator of slower growth is the presence of algae on the branches. Algae growth suggests slower growth and may not be ideal for grafting. Look for branches with a smooth texture and evidence of lentil souls, indicating vigorous growth.
Conclusion
Collecting high-quality pecan scion wood is crucial for successful grafting. By following the recommended practices of pruning, selecting the right size scion wood, and ensuring vigorous growth, you can increase the chances of achieving successful grafts. Remember to identify last year’s growth and choose scion wood with optimal qualities for grafting. With a well-established collection of pecan scion wood, you can confidently propagate pecan trees and enjoy a bountiful harvest.
